The Archaeology of European Expansion in India (Gujarat, c. 16th-18th Centuries)

The aim of the fieldwork, on which this book is based, was to explore the possibility of conducting archaeological excavations in Surat where the Europeans including the British were most likely to have left behind the material traces of their presence between 16th and 18th centuries.

However, before undertaking such excavations, one should have an understanding of the historical framework within which the relevant archaeological issues can be contextualized. The purpose of this book is to put forward this framework and advance the general concept of 'the Archaeology of European Expansion' in South Asian Archaeology.

About the Author:

A University Lecturer since 1965, Dilip K. Chakrabarti currently lectures on South Asian Archaeology and Ancient History in the Department of Archaeology of Cambridge University. He has authored sixteen books and a large number of articles, notes and book reviews. His recent publications include Archaeology in the Third World: A History of Indian Archaeology Since 1947.

1. INTRODUCTION
   1. Archaeology of European Expansion
      1.1 A Brief Outline of Development
      1.2 Research Dimensions
      1.2.1 The Americas
      1.2.1.1 Chesapeake Bay
      1.2.1.2 Elsewhere in the Americas
      1.2.1.3 African American Archaeology as a Component of the American Historical Archaeology
      1.2.2 Australia
      1.2.3 South Africa
      1.2.4 Miscellaneous Areas and Themes
      1.2.5 An Overview
   2. Scope of Research on the Archaeology of European Expansion in India.

2. GUJARAT'S MARITIME TRADE TILL c. 1600
   1. Traditional Ports and Trade Links of the Gujarat Coast
      1.1 Geographical Prelude
      1.2 The 19th- Century Evidence
      1.2.1 Kutch
      1.2.1.1 Boats
      1.2.1.2 Harbours
      1.2.1.3 Trade Items
      1.2.2 Kathiawar
      1.2.2.1 Boats
      1.2.2.2 Harbours
      1.2.2.3 Trade Items
      1.3 Observations on the 19th-Century Evidence
   2. The Sequence of Archaeological and Historical Evidence
      II.1 The Indus Civilization
      II.2 Early Historic Period: The Evidence of the Periplus
      II.3 The Post-Periplus Phase Till c. AD 1300
      II.4 AD 1300-1600: Gujarat Under Delhi Sultans, Independent Sultans and the Mughals
   3. Summary of the Argument

3. SURAT
   Introduction: The Purpose of the Chapter and the Sources Used
   1. A Brief Geographical Sketch
   2. The Surat Bar and the Navigability of the Tapti up to Surat
   3. The Communication Lines from Surat to Khandesh, Konkan, Malwa and Rajasthan
   4. History of Surat and the Surat Area
      IV.1 Archaeology and Ancient History
      IV.2 The Muslim Period Till the Mughal Conquest in 1573
      IV.3 The Mughal Period
      IV.3.1 Surat in the Mughal Revenue and Administrative Network
      IV.3.2 The Maratha Invasions, Plague and the Last Years of Mughal Control
      IV.4 1733-1800: The Years Before the Complete
   5. A Brief History of European 'Factories' in Surat
      V.1 The Portuguese
      V.2 The Dutch
      V.3 The French and the Austrians
      V.4 The British
   6. Surat's Trade: Transport, Commodities and Network
      VI. 1 Comments on the Historical Character of Surat's Trade
   7. Surat as a City: The General Picture
   8. The Details of Some Important Localities and Features in European Records
      VIII.1 Swally, Swally Road, Swally Hole, Swally Marine
      VIII.1.1 The Problem of Thomas Coryat's Tomb in Swally
      VIII.2 The Surat Wharf and the Custom-House
      VIII.3 The European Factories
      VIII.3.1 The British Factory
      VIII.3.1.1 Some Observations on the Life in the Factory
      VIII.3.1.2 The Factory Building
      VIII.3.2 The Dutch Factory
      VIII.3.3 The Portuguese Factory
      VIII.3.4 The French Factory
      VIII.4 The British and Dutch Burials
   9. Some General Observations

4. BROACH, AHMEDABAD, CAMBAY, DIU, DAMAN
   1. Broach (Bharuch)
   2. Ahmedabad
   3. Cambay
   4. Diu
   5. Daman

5. CONCLUSIONS